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Wednesday, 3 August 2016

Grass goby - Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1814) - Cyprus


The grass goby (Zosterisessor ophiocephalus) is a species of goby native to the Mediterranean Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. It is currently the only known member of its genus.

Grass Gobies can grow up to 25 centimetres (9.8 in) long. The head crown, nape, throat, belly and base of the pectoral fins are covered by cycloid scales[3] and the gill covers are nacked. The abdominal sucker has no blades and does not reach the anus. The mandibula are protrusive, and the skin soft, with mucous. The coloration is green-brown, patterned with merging brown spots. The cheeks have round light spots. The dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins have longitudinal brown stripes on a light background; the anal and abdominal sucker are dark.

Widespread in coastal waters of all seas of the Mediterranean basin. Especially numerous in the northern Adriatic Sea, Venetian Lagoon and Sète Lagoon (France). In the Black Sea near all coasts, especially in lagoons and estuaries of the north-west, Varna and Burgas Bays, Sea of Azov, and Sivash. Mentioned for the Dniester River delta.

Up until age two Grass Gobies feed only on crustaceans, after which they start to eat fish. In Tuzly Lagoons they first feed on gammarids Gammarus lacustris (94%), and Idotea balthica (6%) followed by fish like the big-scale sand smelt (30%) and gobies (36%). Shrimp Palaemon adspersus also play an important role

27 parasite species are known from the grass goby near the Crimean coasts. The acanthocephalans Acanthocephaloides propinquus are mos numerous. In the north-western Black Sea this fish has 13 parasite species. Except for the aforementioned A. propinquus, another acanthocephalan, Telosentis exiguus, is very numerous. Both are Mediterranean immigrants such as their host, the grass goby. Also, the Ponto-Caspian cestodes Proteocephalus gobiorum and monogeneans Gyrodactylus proterorhini were very numerous. In the Budaki Lagoon the grass goby is a host of larvae of epizootic nematode Streptocara crassicauda.

The grass goby is a dietary item for some commercial fishes, such as the toad goby.[8] In the Sea of Azov it is used for food by the harbour porpoise.

The grass goby is commercial fish in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, the Molochnyi Estuary, Tuzly's Lagoons and in the Sivash
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Protaras,2.08.2016 Photos by Costas Constantinou



Rosy egg crab - Atergatis roseus. (Rüppell, 1830) - Cyprus


Lessepsian Migrant

Atergatis roseus, the rosy egg crab, is a species of reef crab from the family Xanthidae with a natural range extending from the Red Sea to Fiji. It has colonised the eastern Mediterranean by Lessepsian migration through the Suez Canal. The flesh of this crab, like many other species in the family Xanthidae, is toxic.

Atergatis roseus has a wide, smooth, oval carapace with convex almost entire, with no indication of regions and with bluntly crested anterolateral margins. The pereiopods are laterally compressed with distal crests on the upper and lower margins. The carapace is reddish brown and the legs have black tips, younger specimens are paler, more reddish orange, with a white margins to the carapace. They grow to 6 cm, measuring the carapace length from the head to the posterior.

Atergatis roseus has wide Indo-Pacific distribution being found from the Red Sea and eastern Africa, south to KwaZulu-Natal east along the coasts if the Indian Ocean into the Pacific as far as Fiji. In the eastern Mediterranean, A. roseus was first recorded from Israel in 1961,then from Lebanon and the southern coasts of Turkey and Syria. It reached the Aegean Sea in 2005  and had got as far as Rhodes by 2009

Atergatis roseus inhabits coral reefs and rocky substrata, from the low tide mark to a depth of 30 metres. It prefers shallow reef rich areas with an abundance of places to hide, it is mainly nocturnal, slow moving and so prefers to ne near the security of a hiding place ro which it can retreat when threatened.[6] It is omnivorous but a large part of its diet is made up of plant material, although specimens have been recorded feeding on fish.

The meat of Atergatis roseus, like that of many other crabs from the family Xanthidae is toxic. The toxins are synthesised by bacteria of the genus Vibrio which live in symbiosis with the crab and the poisons are one similar to those found in puffer fish, i.e. tetrodotoxin, and also paralytic shellfish poison
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atergatis_roseus






Protaras,2.08.2016 Photos by Costas Constantinou




Upside-down jellyfish - Cassiopea andromeda Forskål, 1775 - Cyprus


Cassiopea andromeda (Upside-down jellyfish) is a type of jellyfish that usually lives in intertidal sand or mud flats, shallow lagoons, and around mangroves. This jellyfish, many times mistaken for a sea anemone, usually has its mouth upward on the bottom. Its bell, which is yellow-brown with streaks and spots that are white or pale, vibrates to make the water flow through its arms for respiration and the obtaining of food.

Cassiopea andromeda is carnivorous and eats small animals from the sea or just pieces of them after it paralyzes its prey with its mucous and nematocysts when they are released. This jellyfish also lives in a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic dinoflagellate algae, the Zooxanthellae, and with shrimps. The Zooxanthellae live in the tissues of the ventral surface of its body and it is the responsible for the color of it. As the Zooxanthellaeon gets food for the Cassiopea andromeda, in response, it gets the sunlight that is necessary for the photosynthetic dinoflagellate algae. Therefore, the shrimp has a different symbiotic relationship with this jellyfish. It lives in its tentacles and protects it by taking the parasites off. In exchange, the Cassiopea andromeda mainly offers protection to the shrimp from the environment. This symbiotic relationship is called mutualism, where both species benefit from their interactions.

As a cnidarian, this jellyfish has an asexual and sexual reproduction. It reproduces by budding when it is in a polyp form. When it is in a medusa form, it reproduces sexually. The medusa female produces the eggs and keep them. As the male produces the sperm and releases them in the water, the female uses its tentacles to bring the sperm to fertilize its eggs.

This jellyfish can measure the maximum of 30.0 cm wide.

The Cassiopea andromeda does not have many effects to human life. Due to its appearance and nature it may bring people snorkeling or diving into the areas in which the jelly lives, adding to the local economy. The jelly can sting which makes it important to take precautions when around it. Symptoms include pain, rash, swelling and vomiting.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Protaras,2.08.2016 Photos and videos by Costas Constantinou















Protaras, 6mts deep,,18.11.2023 Photo by Costas Constantinou



Tuesday, 2 August 2016

Tο εξωκλήσι Αγίου Πανταλεήμωνα, στο χωριό Κάρμι της επαρχίας Κερύνειας - Cyprus

The Caledonia waterfall trail - Το μονοπάτι των Καληδονιών - Καταρράχτης Καληδονιών - Cyprus

The walk is relatively short, being only 3km from the start to the finish. But don't let the short distance fool you! Most people start the walk at Platres near the Psilo Dendro trout farm, situated on the main road from Limassol to Troodos. At Psilo Dendro, take the concrete path to the left of the restaurantand walk 100m up to the start of the trail.

At the wooden marker board, continue up the forest track towards the famous waterfall. The track is straightforwardto follow but do take care as the path crosses the Kryos Potamos river six or seven times before you hear the waterfall sound and youfinally approach the waterfall itself.
Hiking boots are strongly recommended for crossing the river, especially in wet weather or after snowfall in Cyprus as thewaterfall rock can be very slippery.

Once you reach the falls, take time to rest and get that camera out as you will want to take lots of pictures.The track then continues alongside the left of the Caledonia falls (you can stop to look over the top of the waterfall) and then, after some rocks and undergrowth, you will pick up the first of the nature trail markers.

Follow the waterfall trail which goes STEEPLY upwards. There are lots of nature trail signs to help you on your wayand this section is far less dangerous under foot as wooden bridges have been built to cross the river. The trail finishes at the wooden hut, about 2km from Troodos square, but not before you have conquered the 150 manmade steps en route - this part of the walk is very tiring so you need to be resaonably fit. You can then either descend back down the same way, continue onwards to Troodos square or take an extentionloop by turning right at the wooden hut and joining the Pouziaris trail (1629m S.Shoulder), marked on the map.

Waterfall Landscape Terrain
Forest track strewn with rocks and tree roots. Very slippery in wet conditions. Upper sections of the trail are part stone, part wooden bridges.

Waterfall Trail Navigation Pointers
An easy to follow trail starting from the Psilo Dendro trout farm.
Tips: This walk can be enjoyed all year round even in the hot summer months as it is a well shaded forest waterfall walk. If you intend to do this walk in the winter months, however, check on the weather conditionsin Troodos before you go as the walk may be too slippery after wet weather or snow. Text from http://www.cyprus-travel-secrets.com

Ελληνικά 
Η ονομασία του καταρράκτη των Καληδονιών πρέπει να προήλθε από τους Άγγλους (και μάλιστα τους Σκωτσέζους). Όταν επισκέφτηκαν την περιοχή, γύρω στο 1878, οι Άγγλοι και οι Σκωτσέζοι, δύο χιλιόμετρα περίπου βόρεια των Π. Πλατρών είδαν τον καταρράκτη, ο οποίος τους γοήτευσε. Θυμήθηκαν την πατρίδα τους και τον ονόμασαν Καταρράκτη της Καληδονίας (Καληδονία ονομαζόταν στα αρχαία χρόνια η Σκωτία). Οι κάτοικοι των Πλατρών τον έλεγαν και τον λέγουν Καταρράκτη των Καληδονιών (Τα Καληδόνια).

0 καταρράκτης είναι από τους πιο ψηλούς που έχομε στην Κύπρο. Το νερό του καταρράκτη πέφτει κάθετα από ύψος 12 μέτρων. Υπάρχει δρόμος για αυτοκίνητα, που οδηγεί στον καταρράχτη, καθώς και μονοπάτι της φύσης (κοντά στο Ψηλόδεντρο) που οδηγεί σ' αυτόν.
Βρίσκεται στην νοτιοανατολική περιοχή των Πλατρών, σε απόσταση ενός χιλιομέτρου από την αφετηρία του «μονοπατιού της φύσης», που οδηγεί σ' αυτόν. Στον καταρράχτη οδηγεί και δρόμος χωμάτινος, από τον οποίο μπορούν να πάνε κοντά και αυτοκίνητα.

Ο καταρράκτης πρέπει να πήρε την ονομασία του από τις λέξεις μιλλός, που στην κυπριακή διάλεκτο σημαίνει υγρός, και τη λέξη μέρος (μιλλός+μέρος= Μιλλομέρης). Η ροή νερού από τον Κρυό Ποταμό έκανε το μέρος υγρό και δροσερό και έτσι ονόμασαν τον καταρράχτη Μιλλομέρη. Το νερό του καταρράχτη πέφτει από ύψος 15 μέτρων. 0 καταρράκτης αυτός μόλις τα τελευταία χρόνια έγινε γνωστός, επειδή η τοποθεσία που βρίσκεται ήταν μέχρι πρόσφατα απρόσιτη. Με τα έργα όμως που έγιναν, το δρόμο και το μονοπάτι που ανοίχτηκαν για προσπέλαση σ' αυτόν ο καταρράκτης του Μιλλομέρη αποτελεί ένα από τα αξιοθέατα των Π. Πλατρών και ελκύει πολλούς επισκέπτες με την ομορφιά του. Κείμενο από το http://www.platres.org 

Photos at Platres, June 2016, by Michael Hadjiconstantis