The stock dove (Columba oenas) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae, the doves and pigeons
The genus Columba is the largest within the pigeon family, and has the widest distribution. Its members are typically pale grey or brown, often with white head or neck markings or iridescent green or purple patches on the neck and breast. The neck feathers may be stiffened and aligned to form grooves, but these are absent in this species. The stock dove is less grey in plumage than other pigeons in Europe.
The three western European Columba pigeons, though superficially alike, have very distinctive characteristics. The wood pigeon may be readily distinguished by the white on its neck (in adults) and wings. The rock pigeon and stock dove are more alike in size and plumage, but wild specimens of the former have a white rump and two well-marked dark bars on the wing, while the rump of the stock dove is grey and its wing bars incomplete. The feral pigeon (the same species as rock pigeon) is highly variable, and indistinctly marked grey specimens with the white rump missing can sometimes resemble the stock dove quite closely.
The stock dove is sociable as well as gregarious, often consorting with wood pigeons, though doubtless it is the presence of food which brings them together.
The short, deep, "grunting" Ooo-uu-ooh call is quite distinct from the modulated cooing notes of the wood pigeon; it is loud enough to be described, somewhat fancifully, as "roaring".
The stock dove is the rarest of the wild European pigeons. In part of its European and western Asiatic range it is a migrant. There has been a sharp decline in France (−57% in 1976). Although the species is not considered threatened in Europe, it is classified in Schedule 2 of the Birds Directive and Annex III the Berne Convention.100,000 to 200,000 individuals winter in France.
The nest is usually in a hole in an old tree. Before deforestation, the stock dove was the most frequent pigeon, nesting mostly in oak or pine wood, but as it usually nests in cavities in trees it was normally only found in old forests. In plantations there are not as many holes to nest in, so it is scarcer. In addition, as the stock dove is double-brooded, requiring two holes for its broods. It has been observed nesting in rabbit burrows, ruins, old poplar hedges, cracks in crags or cliff faces, in ivy, and in the thick growth around the boles of lime trees. It will also use nest boxes. The cavity should be about 75 centimetres deep and the hole should be big enough to admit a fist. Though nesting material is seldom used, the squabs leave the hole very oily. Stock doves prefer to nest close together. Outside of the breeding season, stock doves may also roost in cavities.
The habitat of the stock dove is generally open country. Even though it nests in trees it does not prefer densely wooded areas. It is also common on coasts where the cliffs provide holes.
Its flight is quick, performed by regular beats, with an occasional sharp flick of the wings, a characteristic of pigeons in general. It perches well, and in nuptial display walks along a horizontal branch with swelled neck, lowered wings, and fanned tail. During the circling spring flight the wings are smartly cracked like a whip.
Most of its food is plant material; young shoots and seedlings are favoured, and it will take grain as well as insects and snails. In some areas it feeds mostly on acorns and pine seeds. Its diet can include a variety of foods: berries such as bay and hawthorn, figs, cereal grains, beans, peas, and small invertebrates that are obtained while walking on the ground. During autumn migration in October, stock doves stop over at places with an abundance of acorns, supplementing the diet with shoots and leaves.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Το Φασσοπερίστερο είναι πτηνό της οικογενείας των Περιστεριδών, που απαντά και στον ελλαδικό χώρο. Η επιστημονική ονομασία του είδους είναι Columba oenas και περιλαμβάνει 2 υποείδη.
Στην Ελλάδα, απαντά το υποείδος Columba oenas oenas (Linnaeus, 1758).
- Παρόλο αρκετά κοινό στην Ευρώπη, το φασσοπερίστερο είναι το σπανιότερο από τα τρία είδη του γένους Columba στην ήπειρο, κάτι που οφείλεται κατά κύριο λόγο στην αποψίλωση των δασικών ενδιαιτημάτων, απαραίτητων για το φώλιασμα του πτηνού. Αυτό αποδεικνύεται από το γεγονός ότι, κατά τους περασμένους αιώνες, όταν τα δάση κυριαρχούσαν στο μεγαλύτερο τμήμα της Ευρώπης, αποτελούσε το κοινότερο από τα ευρωπαϊκά περιστέρια. Από τη Βικιπαίδεια, την ελεύθερη εγκυκλοπαίδεια
- Photos Kotsiatis, 28/10/2013 by George Konstantinou
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