See also
All about Cyprus - Όλα για την Κύπρο.
Crested lark (Galerida cristata) (Linnaeus,1758) Κατσουλιέρης - Κορυδαλλός - Σκορταλλός - Τσούρουλλος - Ποιητής - Cyprus
Below in English
Κείμενο, φωτογραφία, βίντεο του Γιώργου Κωνσταντίνου
Text, photographs and video by George Konstantinou
Approximately 410 bird species, including migratory species, have been recorded in Cyprus, and this number increases every year with new records. More specifically, of these 410 bird species, 54 are permanent residents of Cyprus, while 210 are migratory species encountered during the autumn and spring migration periods. The remaining species are rare in Cyprus and are regarded as accidental visitors.
The Crested Lark, with the common and scientific name Crested Lark – Galerida cristata (Linnaeus, 1758), is known locally as Κατσουλιέρης, Κορυδαλλός, Σκορταλλός or Τσούρουλλος. It is one of the 54 bird species that are permanent residents of Cyprus. It is a very common species that breeds in our country and is one of the most widespread species of larks, locally known as τρασιήλοι.
The Crested Lark belongs to the lark family, Alaudidae, which contains a total of 97 different species in 20 genera worldwide. Larks are small birds belonging to the order Passeriformes and are classified as songbirds. Approximately 35 subspecies of the Crested Lark occur around the world. The subspecies found in Cyprus is Galerida cristata cypriaca.
These are cosmopolitan birds with a preference for dry environments. In Cyprus, the Crested Lark occurs on fallow ground, in rocky and sandy places, on sand dunes, in semi-desert areas, as well as in lowland and scrubland habitats, groves, villages and towns. It can also be found in vineyards, marshes, muddy areas within wetlands and even on beaches. Although it prefers lowland areas, it occurs from sea level up to an altitude of 1,200 metres.
Crested Larks have a strong, long and slightly curved bill, broad wings and earth-coloured plumage that provides camouflage, as they are entirely ground-dwelling birds. The Crested Lark’s principal identifying feature is its slender, pointed crest, which is larger than that of other lark species. When raised, it can be seen from a considerable distance. However, the bird often keeps it flattened, although it remains visible from close range even when lowered. Females resemble males, while juveniles have a smaller crest and are more heavily spotted than adults.
The Crested Lark is considered omnivorous, and its diet consists mainly of seeds, insects, worms and tender grasses. It commonly digs into the ground with its powerful bill in search of food, particularly seeds and insects.
Eight different species of larks occur in Cyprus. Of these, only the Crested Lark is a permanent resident, while the remaining seven are migratory species that use Cyprus either as a stopover during migration or as a wintering ground.
It is a characteristic bird of the Cypriot and Greek countryside. Its song is loud, clear and very high-pitched. It nests in cereal fields, cultivated land, harvested fields and barren areas with low vegetation, including low thyme-like shrubs.
Crested Larks have a wonderful song, particularly during the breeding season. They sing in flight while hovering in the air to proclaim their breeding territory or attract a mate. The bird can run very quickly along the ground before resorting to flight. Crested Larks are commonly seen surveying their territories while perched on the tops of bushes and thorny shrubs.
They build their nests in small hollows in the ground, which they prepare themselves at the base of grasses or small bushes. They mainly use dry grasses, hair and feathers in the construction of their nests. The female lays three to five speckled eggs. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days, and breeding takes place during spring and summer.
Both parents participate in raising the chicks. Until they grow, the parents feed them exclusively on insects and caterpillars, which are rich in protein. Only a few days after hatching—at approximately six or seven days of age—the chicks habitually leave the nest on foot and hide among nearby shrubs and grasses. This protects them from the scorching sun and various other dangers. They begin to fly at approximately 15 days of age.
After the chicks acquire the ability to fly, their parents continue supplying them with food for approximately one week, until they learn to find food by themselves. The chicks possess incredible camouflage and are extremely difficult to distinguish inside the nest, even when viewed from very close range. When favourable weather conditions persist, the species may have two broods in a single breeding season.
The fact that these birds nest on the ground places them at considerable risk, as their eggs and chicks are easy prey for predators. These include reptiles, birds of prey and predatory mammals such as foxes, rodents, stray cats and hedgehogs. Sheep and goats also frequently trample their nests.
The birds often nest within cereal fields and other cultivated areas. Consequently, their nests may be destroyed during harvesting and by various other human activities.
Unfortunately, the hunting of certain lark species is permitted in several countries around the world, including some European countries, where these birds are considered a delicacy. Cyprus is, of course, no exception. The hunting of the Eurasian Skylark is unfortunately permitted without any bag limit, meaning that each hunter may kill as many as they wish. Because Eurasian Skylarks resemble Crested Larks, Crested Larks are also killed indiscriminately, even though they are a strictly protected species.
Despite all the dangers faced by these birds, their population in Cyprus remains at satisfactory levels.
George Konstantinou
From my article in Politis newspaper


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